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La Presión Fiscal en España versus la Eurozona

En el año 2019, la presión fiscal en España se situaba en el 35,2% del PIB, mientras que la media de la zona euro alcanzaba el 41,4%, de acuerdo con los datos de la Comisión Europea.

Esta cifra evidencia que España estaba notablemente por debajo de sus vecinos europeos en cuanto a recaudación tributaria.

Sin embargo, gracias a varias reformas fiscales, esta brecha ha ido reduciéndose progresivamente, pasando de una diferencia de 6,2 puntos a 3,6 puntos en la actualidad.

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Esta mejora en la recaudación ha permitido destinar recursos significativos a fortalecer el Estado de bienestar, lo que incluye el financiamiento de programas clave como los ERTEs, las pensiones, y la educación de 0 a 3 años.

Necesidad de una Reforma Fiscal Integral

Pese a los avances, la presión fiscal en España sigue estando por debajo del promedio de la eurozona.

Esto plantea la pregunta de qué nivel de servicios públicos se espera tener y, en consecuencia, qué sistemas tributarios pueden soportar dichos servicios de manera eficiente y justa.

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Las últimas reformas han ayudado a modernizar el sistema económico y social del país, acercándolo al modelo centroeuropeo.

No obstante, aún existe una necesidad evidente de realizar una reforma fiscal comprensiva que busque asegurar de forma sostenible el Estado de bienestar.

Impacto de las Reformas Recientes

Las reformas tributarias implementadas han conseguido, no sin esfuerzo, un equilibrio entre las diversas prioridades económicas.

La presión fiscal se ha incrementado sobre los grupos empresariales y sociales con mayor capacidad económica, evitando al mismo tiempo desincentivar el crecimiento económico y la creación de empleo.

A pesar de los pronósticos pesimistas, la economía española ha mostrado crecimiento y ha logrado una reducción significativa del déficit estructural.

En resumen, mientras España avanza hacia un sistema tributario más eficiente y progresivo, se hace necesario consolidar estos esfuerzos con una reforma global que garantice la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de sus servicios públicos esenciales.

Tasas De Impuestos

Recent Reform Initiatives and Their Impact

Cambios Fiscales Progresivos

En el contexto de las reformas fiscales recientes, España ha implementado cambios dirigidos a las rentas más altas y las grandes corporaciones.

Estos ajustes buscan una redistribución más equitativa y una mayor justicia social.

Así, se han incrementado en dos puntos los impuestos sobre las rentas del capital superiores a 300,000 euros y se ha reforzado la imposición sobre la banca.

Estas medidas intentan garantizar que aquellos sectores con mayor capacidad económica contribuyan proporcionalmente más al sostenimiento del Estado de bienestar.

Reducción de Impuestos Corporativos

Con el objetivo de apoyar a las pequeñas y medianas empresas, se han reducido las tasas del impuesto de sociedades para aquellas con ingresos anuales inferiores a un millón de euros.

Esta tasa se ha disminuido del 25% al 23% y recientemente al 20%, facilitando así la competitividad y crecimiento de estas empresas en el mercado.

Esta medida está orientada a fomentar el emprendimiento y la creación de empleo sin sacrificar la recaudación fiscal sustancialmente.

Indicadores Económicos Positivos

A pesar de los aumentos impositivos en ciertos sectores, los indicadores económicos muestran una tendencia positiva.

La economía española ha crecido a un ritmo acelerado, superando en crecimiento a la media de la eurozona, y se ha incrementado la inversión extranjera directa en un 16% desde 2019.

Además, la creación de empleo ha sido notable, con España generando uno de cada cuatro nuevos empleos en la Unión Monetaria.

Esto demuestra que las reformas fiscales recientes han podido equilibrar la necesidad de aumentar la recaudación sin perjudicar el crecimiento económico.

Efectos y Repercusiones

Las reformas fiscales han tenido un impacto dual: por un lado, han promovido una mayor justicia fiscal al redistribuir la carga tributaria, y por otro, han evitado causar desincentivos a la actividad económica y al crecimiento.

Contrario a las expectativas pesimistas, la economía no sólo no ha decaído, sino que ha demostrado un vigor significativo, reafirmando que un diseño tributario bien pensado puede impulsar tanto la equidad como la eficiencia en la recaudación.

La dirección que han tomado estas reformas sienta una base sólida para futuros ajustes que sigan profundizando en la progresividad y eficiencia del sistema tributario.

Es esencial que estas medidas estén acompañadas por una evaluación constante y rigurosa para ajustar y optimizar los beneficios fiscales actuales.

Proposals for System Improvement

Evaluación Regular de los Beneficios Fiscales

Es fundamental realizar una evaluación continua de los beneficios fiscales existentes para asegurar su efectividad.

Estos incentivos deben cumplir los objetivos para los que fueron diseñados, contribuyendo al crecimiento económico y la equidad social.

Por ejemplo, fomentar la inversión en I+D o el uso de energías limpias a través de incentivos fiscales bien diseñados puede ser una medida acertada.

En contraste, otros incentivos como los tipos reducidos de IVA requieren una justificación más robusta.

Un sistema de evaluación constante permitirá ajustar y eliminar aquellos beneficios que no estén generando los resultados esperados, garantizando así una mayor eficiencia del sistema tributario.

Estandarización de Impuestos sobre el Patrimonio, las Herencias y las Donaciones

Una de las prioridades para mejorar la progresividad del sistema fiscal es la homogeneización de los impuestos sobre el patrimonio, sucesiones y donaciones en todo el territorio nacional.

La competencia fiscal entre comunidades autónomas genera desigualdades y pérdida de recaudación.

Al estandarizar estos impuestos, se evitarían las fugas de capital y se distribuiría la carga tributaria de manera más justa.

Aunque el potencial recaudatorio de estos impuestos es limitado debido a que afecta a una pequeña porción de la población, su uniformidad es clave para un sistema más progresivo.

Equilibrio entre Crecimiento Económico y Aumento de Ingresos

Para mantener el crecimiento económico mientras se aumenta la recaudación fiscal, es necesario seguir una estrategia equilibrada.

Aumentar la presión fiscal indiscriminadamente podría tener efectos adversos sobre el crecimiento y la inversión.

Por lo tanto, las reformas deben enfocarse en áreas con mayor margen para mejorar la eficiencia recaudatoria.

Los impuestos indirectos, como el IVA y los impuestos medioambientales, presentan un margen considerable para aumentar la recaudación sin afectar significativamente el consumo de las clases más vulnerables.

Además, es crucial utilizar los ingresos adicionales para reforzar políticas de transferecia de renta, como el ingreso mínimo vital (IMV), para compensar cualquier impacto regresivo.

En resumen, la mejora del sistema fiscal español pasa por una evaluación constante de los beneficios fiscales, la estandarización territorial de ciertos impuestos y un enfoque equilibrado que priorice tanto el incremento de ingresos como el crecimiento económico.

Estos ajustes son esenciales para avanzar hacia un sistema tributario más eficiente y progresivo.

Challenges and Considerations

Gestión de la Demanda de Gasto Público

Actualmente, la mayor parte del gasto público en España se destina a pensiones, sanidad, educación y políticas sociales.

Con una población que envejece rápidamente, la presión fiscal en estas áreas seguirá aumentando.

Es fundamental manejar estas demandas de gasto de manera eficiente para garantizar que los servicios públicos se mantengan a un nivel adecuado sin comprometer la estabilidad económica del país.

Es imperativo que cualquier iniciativa de reforma fiscal considere cómo ajustar estos gastos públicos sin afectar negativamente a la población más vulnerable.

Esto significa evaluar y posiblemente reestructurar los sistemas actuales de pensiones y de salud para lograr mayor eficiencia y sostenibilidad a largo plazo.

Al mismo tiempo, es necesario expandir y financiar programas sociales que apoyen a quienes más lo necesitan, asegurando a la vez que los recursos se administren de manera responsable.

Competencia Fiscal Regional

Otra consideración importante es la competencia fiscal entre las comunidades autónomas.

Actualmente, existen disparidades significativas en la imposición sobre el patrimonio, sucesiones y donaciones en diferentes regiones.

Estas diferencias crean una competencia desleal que afecta la recaudación general del país.

Para abordar esta cuestión, es necesario homogeneizar estos impuestos a nivel nacional.

De esta forma, se evitaría que las regiones compitan entre sí bajando tributos, lo cual, si bien puede traer beneficios a corto plazo a nivel regional, resulta en una pérdida de recaudación a nivel nacional y en una fragmentación del sistema impositivo.

Esta homogeneización promovería un sistema más equitativo y progresivo.

Progresividad y Crecimiento Económico

Equilibrar la progresividad fiscal con incentivos para el crecimiento económico es un desafío constante.

La reciente trayectoria fiscal en España ha intentado mantener este equilibrio aumentando la carga tributaria sobre los grupos con mayor capacidad económica, mientras se evitan medidas que puedan desincentivar el crecimiento y la creación de empleo.

Es esencial seguir evaluando los impactos de estas reformas para asegurar que se mantenga un equilibrio saludable.

Implementar políticas que fomenten la inversión en investigación y desarrollo (I+D) y el uso de energías limpias puede ayudar a equilibrar la necesidad de ingresos fiscales con el crecimiento económico.

Además, enfocar los beneficios fiscales de manera que realmente incentiven comportamientos positivos y aporten al desarrollo sostenible es crucial para el éxito a largo plazo.

Enfrentar estos desafíos no es una tarea sencilla, pero es una condición indispensable para avanzar hacia un sistema tributario que sostenga el Estado de bienestar de manera eficiente y progresiva.

Future Direction and Recommendations

Foco en Métodos Eficientes de Recaudación Fiscal

Para avanzar hacia un sistema tributario más eficiente y justo, es esencial centrarse en métodos de recaudación fiscal que maximicen los ingresos sin perjudicar el crecimiento económico.

Una de las estrategias más efectivas es mejorar la eficiencia de la recaudación de impuestos indirectos como el IVA y los impuestos medioambientales.

Este enfoque permitiría aumentar significativamente la recaudación, al tiempo que se incentivan comportamientos deseables como la transición energética.

Además, los impuestos a los combustibles fósiles podrían incrementarse para alinearlos con los niveles de otros países europeos, fomentando así políticas medioambientales más responsables.

Necesidad de un Enfoque Estratégico que Combine Múltiples Medidas

Un enfoque estratégico para la reforma fiscal debería combinar diferentes medidas para lograr un sistema más coherente y equilibrado.

Esto incluye:

Recomendação Descrição
Avaliações regulares Es fundamental realizar evaluaciones periódicas de los beneficios fiscales existentes para asegurar que cumplen con sus objetivos. Esto no solo mejorará la eficiencia del sistema, sino que también brinda una base para hacer ajustes necesarios en el futuro.
Homogeneização dos impostos patrimoniais La unificación de los impuestos sobre el patrimonio, sucesiones y donaciones en todo el territorio español es crucial. Esto ayudaría a reducir las desigualdades fiscales entre regiones y evitaría que las personas con mayor riqueza utilicen mecanismos para reducir su tributación.
Incentivos fiscais bem desenhados Para fomentar inversiones en áreas críticas como la I+D y las energías limpias, es esencial utilizar incentivos fiscales específicos. Sin embargo, es importante que estos incentivos estén bien diseñados y justificados para evitar distorsiones innecesarias en el sistema.

Mantener la Progresividad del Sistema

Mantener y reforzar la progresividad del sistema tributario es esencial para acercar a España a los estándares europeos.

Las recientes reformas han mejorado la progresividad, enfocándose en grupos empresariales y sociales con mayor capacidad económica.

Es crucial continuar por esta senda para asegurar que el esfuerzo fiscal sea equitativo y que las personas con mayores ingresos contribuyan proporcionalmente más.

Además, es importante abordar la competencia fiscal entre comunidades autónomas, la cual puede resultar en una pérdida de recaudación general.

Establecer impuestos homogéneos evitaría que algunas regiones se beneficien a costa de otras, y podría ayudar a mantener la cohesión fiscal nacional.

Para garantizar la sostenibilidad económica y social, se deben aplicar estas recomendaciones de manera estratégica, evaluando y ajustando continuamente las políticas fiscales.

Solo con un enfoque multifacético y progresivo se logrará un sistema tributario equilibrado y justo para todos.

Autor

  • Eduarda Moura es licenciada en Periodismo por la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais y tiene un posgrado en Medios Digitales. Con experiencia como redactora, Eduarda se dedica a investigar y producir contenidos para Newwhorizons, proporcionando a los lectores información clara y precisa.

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class="inner"> <article id="post-225" class="post-225 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-finanzas"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-lg-8 "> <div class="section section-featured js-section-featured"> <div class="card card-featured card-top m-0"> <div class="card-body"> <h1 class="card-title">Reforma fiscal en España: equilibrio entre bienestar social y eficiencia económica</h1> <div class="card-text">Estado actual del sistema tributario español</div> <div class="card-author"><p>Por: <b>Eduarda Moura</b> Publicado en: December 30, 2024 <!-- <a href="https://newwhorizons.com/category/finanzas/" title="Finanzas">Finanzas</a>--> <strong>Última actualización el:</strong> February 20, 2025</p></div> </div> <div class="card-preview mt-8"> <img class="card-pic" src="https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Finanzas-Desde-720-1_11zon-1.webp" alt="Main" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section section-content"> <div class="center"> <div class="content"> <div class='code-block code-block-2' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <div id="av_top_wrapper" align="center" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; min-height: 400px;"> <div> <p style="font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center;"> Anúncios </p> <div id="av_top"> </div> </div> </div></div> <h2 data-pm-slice="1 1 []">La Presión Fiscal en España versus la Eurozona</h2> <p>En el año 2019, la presión fiscal en España se situaba en el 35,2% del PIB, mientras que la media de la zona euro alcanzaba el 41,4%, de acuerdo con los datos de la Comisión Europea.</p> <p>Esta cifra evidencia que España estaba notablemente por debajo de sus vecinos europeos en cuanto a recaudación tributaria.</p> <p>Sin embargo, gracias a varias reformas fiscales, esta brecha ha ido reduciéndose progresivamente, pasando de una diferencia de 6,2 puntos a 3,6 puntos en la actualidad.</p><div class='code-block code-block-3' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <div id="av_content_1_wrapper" align="center" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; min-height: 400px;"> <div> <p style="font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center;"> Anúncios </p> <div id="av_content_1"> </div> </div> </div></div> <p>Esta mejora en la recaudación ha permitido destinar recursos significativos a fortalecer el Estado de bienestar, lo que incluye el financiamiento de programas clave como los ERTEs, las pensiones, y la educación de 0 a 3 años.</p> <h2>Necesidad de una Reforma Fiscal Integral</h2> <p>Pese a los avances, la presión fiscal en España sigue estando por debajo del promedio de la eurozona.</p> <p>Esto plantea la pregunta de qué nivel de servicios públicos se espera tener y, en consecuencia, qué sistemas tributarios pueden soportar dichos servicios de manera eficiente y justa.</p><div class='code-block code-block-4' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <div id="av_content_2_wrapper" align="center" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; min-height: 400px;"> <div> <p style="font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center;"> Anúncios </p> <div id="av_content_2"> </div> </div> </div></div> <p>Las últimas reformas han ayudado a modernizar el sistema económico y social del país, acercándolo al modelo centroeuropeo.</p> <p>No obstante, aún existe una necesidad evidente de realizar una reforma fiscal comprensiva que busque asegurar de forma sostenible el Estado de bienestar.</p> <h2>Impacto de las Reformas Recientes</h2> <p>Las reformas tributarias implementadas han conseguido, no sin esfuerzo, un equilibrio entre las diversas prioridades económicas.</p> <p>La presión fiscal se ha incrementado sobre los grupos empresariales y sociales con mayor capacidad económica, evitando al mismo tiempo desincentivar el crecimiento económico y la creación de empleo.</p> <p>A pesar de los pronósticos pesimistas, la economía española ha mostrado crecimiento y ha logrado una reducción significativa del déficit estructural.</p> <p>En resumen, mientras España avanza hacia un sistema tributario más eficiente y progresivo, se hace necesario consolidar estos esfuerzos con una reforma global que garantice la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de sus servicios públicos esenciales.</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-227 aligncenter" src="https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="656" height="437" srcset="https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-300x200.jpg 300w, https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-768x512.jpg 768w, https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pexels-n-voitkevich-6863332-360x240.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px" /><em>Tasas De Impuestos</em></h4> <h2>Recent Reform Initiatives and Their Impact</h2> <h3><strong>Cambios Fiscales Progresivos</strong></h3> <p>En el contexto de las reformas fiscales recientes, España ha implementado cambios dirigidos a las rentas más altas y las grandes corporaciones.</p> <p>Estos ajustes buscan una redistribución más equitativa y una mayor justicia social.</p> <p>Así, se han incrementado en dos puntos los impuestos sobre las rentas del capital superiores a 300,000 euros y se ha reforzado la imposición sobre la banca.</p> <p>Estas medidas intentan garantizar que aquellos sectores con mayor capacidad económica contribuyan proporcionalmente más al sostenimiento del Estado de bienestar.</p> <h3><strong>Reducción de Impuestos Corporativos</strong></h3> <p>Con el objetivo de apoyar a las pequeñas y medianas empresas, se han reducido las tasas del impuesto de sociedades para aquellas con ingresos anuales inferiores a un millón de euros.</p> <p>Esta tasa se ha disminuido del 25% al 23% y recientemente al 20%, facilitando así la competitividad y crecimiento de estas empresas en el mercado.</p> <p>Esta medida está orientada a fomentar el emprendimiento y la creación de empleo sin sacrificar la recaudación fiscal sustancialmente.</p> <h3><strong>Indicadores Económicos Positivos</strong></h3> <p>A pesar de los aumentos impositivos en ciertos sectores, los indicadores económicos muestran una tendencia positiva.</p> <p>La economía española ha crecido a un ritmo acelerado, superando en crecimiento a la media de la eurozona, y se ha incrementado la inversión extranjera directa en un 16% desde 2019.</p> <p>Además, la creación de empleo ha sido notable, con España generando uno de cada cuatro nuevos empleos en la Unión Monetaria.</p> <p>Esto demuestra que las reformas fiscales recientes han podido equilibrar la necesidad de aumentar la recaudación sin perjudicar el crecimiento económico.</p> <h3><strong>Efectos y Repercusiones</strong></h3> <p>Las reformas fiscales han tenido un impacto dual: por un lado, han promovido una mayor justicia fiscal al redistribuir la carga tributaria, y por otro, han evitado causar desincentivos a la actividad económica y al crecimiento.</p> <p>Contrario a las expectativas pesimistas, la economía no sólo no ha decaído, sino que ha demostrado un vigor significativo, reafirmando que un diseño tributario bien pensado puede impulsar tanto la equidad como la eficiencia en la recaudación.</p> <p>La dirección que han tomado estas reformas sienta una base sólida para futuros ajustes que sigan profundizando en la progresividad y eficiencia del sistema tributario.</p> <p>Es esencial que estas medidas estén acompañadas por una evaluación constante y rigurosa para ajustar y optimizar los beneficios fiscales actuales.</p> <h2>Proposals for System Improvement</h2> <h3><strong>Evaluación Regular de los Beneficios Fiscales</strong></h3> <p>Es fundamental realizar una evaluación continua de los beneficios fiscales existentes para asegurar su efectividad.</p> <p>Estos incentivos deben cumplir los objetivos para los que fueron diseñados, contribuyendo al crecimiento económico y la equidad social.</p> <p>Por ejemplo, fomentar la inversión en I+D o el uso de energías limpias a través de incentivos fiscales bien diseñados puede ser una medida acertada.</p> <p>En contraste, otros incentivos como los tipos reducidos de IVA requieren una justificación más robusta.</p> <p>Un sistema de evaluación constante permitirá ajustar y eliminar aquellos beneficios que no estén generando los resultados esperados, garantizando así una mayor eficiencia del sistema tributario.</p> <h3><strong>Estandarización de Impuestos sobre el Patrimonio, las Herencias y las Donaciones</strong></h3> <p>Una de las prioridades para mejorar la progresividad del sistema fiscal es la homogeneización de los impuestos sobre el patrimonio, sucesiones y donaciones en todo el territorio nacional.</p> <p>La competencia fiscal entre comunidades autónomas genera desigualdades y pérdida de recaudación.</p> <p>Al estandarizar estos impuestos, se evitarían las fugas de capital y se distribuiría la carga tributaria de manera más justa.</p> <p>Aunque el potencial recaudatorio de estos impuestos es limitado debido a que afecta a una pequeña porción de la población, su uniformidad es clave para un sistema más progresivo.</p> <h3><strong>Equilibrio entre Crecimiento Económico y Aumento de Ingresos</strong></h3> <p>Para mantener el crecimiento económico mientras se aumenta la recaudación fiscal, es necesario seguir una estrategia equilibrada.</p> <p>Aumentar la presión fiscal indiscriminadamente podría tener efectos adversos sobre el crecimiento y la inversión.</p> <p>Por lo tanto, las reformas deben enfocarse en áreas con mayor margen para mejorar la eficiencia recaudatoria.</p> <p>Los impuestos indirectos, como el IVA y los impuestos medioambientales, presentan un margen considerable para aumentar la recaudación sin afectar significativamente el consumo de las clases más vulnerables.</p> <p>Además, es crucial utilizar los ingresos adicionales para reforzar políticas de transferecia de renta, como el ingreso mínimo vital (IMV), para compensar cualquier impacto regresivo.</p> <p>En resumen, la mejora del sistema fiscal español pasa por una evaluación constante de los beneficios fiscales, la estandarización territorial de ciertos impuestos y un enfoque equilibrado que priorice tanto el incremento de ingresos como el crecimiento económico.</p> <p>Estos ajustes son esenciales para avanzar hacia un sistema tributario más eficiente y progresivo.</p> <h2>Challenges and Considerations</h2> <h3><strong>Gestión de la Demanda de Gasto Público</strong></h3> <p>Actualmente, la mayor parte del gasto público en España se destina a pensiones, sanidad, educación y políticas sociales.</p> <p>Con una población que envejece rápidamente, la presión fiscal en estas áreas seguirá aumentando.</p> <p>Es fundamental manejar estas demandas de gasto de manera eficiente para garantizar que los servicios públicos se mantengan a un nivel adecuado sin comprometer la estabilidad económica del país.</p> <p>Es imperativo que cualquier iniciativa de reforma fiscal considere cómo ajustar estos gastos públicos sin afectar negativamente a la población más vulnerable.</p> <p>Esto significa evaluar y posiblemente reestructurar los sistemas actuales de pensiones y de salud para lograr mayor eficiencia y sostenibilidad a largo plazo.</p> <p>Al mismo tiempo, es necesario expandir y financiar programas sociales que apoyen a quienes más lo necesitan, asegurando a la vez que los recursos se administren de manera responsable.</p> <h3><strong>Competencia Fiscal Regional</strong></h3> <p>Otra consideración importante es la competencia fiscal entre las comunidades autónomas.</p> <p>Actualmente, existen disparidades significativas en la imposición sobre el patrimonio, sucesiones y donaciones en diferentes regiones.</p> <p>Estas diferencias crean una competencia desleal que afecta la recaudación general del país.</p> <p>Para abordar esta cuestión, es necesario homogeneizar estos impuestos a nivel nacional.</p> <p>De esta forma, se evitaría que las regiones compitan entre sí bajando tributos, lo cual, si bien puede traer beneficios a corto plazo a nivel regional, resulta en una pérdida de recaudación a nivel nacional y en una fragmentación del sistema impositivo.</p> <p>Esta homogeneización promovería un sistema más equitativo y progresivo.</p> <h3><strong>Progresividad y Crecimiento Económico</strong></h3> <p>Equilibrar la progresividad fiscal con incentivos para el crecimiento económico es un desafío constante.</p> <p>La reciente trayectoria fiscal en España ha intentado mantener este equilibrio aumentando la carga tributaria sobre los grupos con mayor capacidad económica, mientras se evitan medidas que puedan desincentivar el crecimiento y la creación de empleo.</p> <p>Es esencial seguir evaluando los impactos de estas reformas para asegurar que se mantenga un equilibrio saludable.</p> <p>Implementar políticas que fomenten la inversión en investigación y desarrollo (I+D) y el uso de energías limpias puede ayudar a equilibrar la necesidad de ingresos fiscales con el crecimiento económico.</p> <p>Además, enfocar los beneficios fiscales de manera que realmente incentiven comportamientos positivos y aporten al desarrollo sostenible es crucial para el éxito a largo plazo.</p> <p>Enfrentar estos desafíos no es una tarea sencilla, pero es una condición indispensable para avanzar hacia un sistema tributario que sostenga el Estado de bienestar de manera eficiente y progresiva.</p> <h2>Future Direction and Recommendations</h2> <h3><strong>Foco en Métodos Eficientes de Recaudación Fiscal</strong></h3> <p>Para avanzar hacia un sistema tributario más eficiente y justo, es esencial centrarse en métodos de recaudación fiscal que maximicen los ingresos sin perjudicar el crecimiento económico.</p> <p>Una de las estrategias más efectivas es mejorar la eficiencia de la recaudación de impuestos indirectos como el IVA y los impuestos medioambientales.</p> <p>Este enfoque permitiría aumentar significativamente la recaudación, al tiempo que se incentivan comportamientos deseables como la transición energética.</p> <p>Además, los impuestos a los combustibles fósiles podrían incrementarse para alinearlos con los niveles de otros países europeos, fomentando así políticas medioambientales más responsables.</p> <h3><strong>Necesidad de un Enfoque Estratégico que Combine Múltiples Medidas</strong></h3> <p>Un enfoque estratégico para la reforma fiscal debería combinar diferentes medidas para lograr un sistema más coherente y equilibrado.</p> <p>Esto incluye:</p> <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px solid #333;"> <thead> <tr style="background-color: #f2f2f2;"> <th style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;">Recomendação</th> <th style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;">Descrição</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px;">Avaliações regulares</td> <td style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px;">Es fundamental realizar evaluaciones periódicas de los beneficios fiscales existentes para asegurar que cumplen con sus objetivos. Esto no solo mejorará la eficiencia del sistema, sino que también brinda una base para hacer ajustes necesarios en el futuro.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px;">Homogeneização dos impostos patrimoniais</td> <td style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px;">La unificación de los impuestos sobre el patrimonio, sucesiones y donaciones en todo el territorio español es crucial. Esto ayudaría a reducir las desigualdades fiscales entre regiones y evitaría que las personas con mayor riqueza utilicen mecanismos para reducir su tributación.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px;">Incentivos fiscais bem desenhados</td> <td style="border: 2px solid #333; padding: 10px;">Para fomentar inversiones en áreas críticas como la I+D y las energías limpias, es esencial utilizar incentivos fiscales específicos. Sin embargo, es importante que estos incentivos estén bien diseñados y justificados para evitar distorsiones innecesarias en el sistema.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3><strong>Mantener la Progresividad del Sistema</strong></h3> <p>Mantener y reforzar la progresividad del sistema tributario es esencial para acercar a España a los estándares europeos.</p> <p>Las recientes reformas han mejorado la progresividad, enfocándose en grupos empresariales y sociales con mayor capacidad económica.</p> <p>Es crucial continuar por esta senda para asegurar que el esfuerzo fiscal sea equitativo y que las personas con mayores ingresos contribuyan proporcionalmente más.</p> <p>Además, es importante abordar la competencia fiscal entre comunidades autónomas, la cual puede resultar en una pérdida de recaudación general.</p> <p>Establecer impuestos homogéneos evitaría que algunas regiones se beneficien a costa de otras, y podría ayudar a mantener la cohesión fiscal nacional.</p> <p>Para garantizar la sostenibilidad económica y social, se deben aplicar estas recomendaciones de manera estratégica, evaluando y ajustando continuamente las políticas fiscales.</p> <p>Solo con un enfoque multifacético y progresivo se logrará un sistema tributario equilibrado y justo para todos.</p> <!--begin code --> <div class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed multiple-authors-target-the-content box-post-id-317 box-instance-id-1 ppma_boxes_317" data-post_id="317" data-instance_id="1" data-additional_class="pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content" data-original_class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper box-post-id-317 box-instance-id-1"> <h2 class="widget-title box-header-title">Autor</h2> <span class="ppma-layout-prefix"></span> <div class="ppma-author-category-wrap"> <span class="ppma-category-group ppma-category-group-1 category-index-0"> <ul class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-ul author-ul-0"> <li class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-li author_index_0 author_maria-eduarda has-avatar"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar"> <div class="avatar-image"> <img alt='' src='https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/duda-foto.jpg' srcset='https://newwhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/duda-foto.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='80' width='80'/> </div> </div> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar-details"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-name multiple-authors-name"><a href="https://newwhorizons.com/author/maria-eduarda/" rel="author" title="Eduarda Moura" class="author url fn">Eduarda Moura</a></div> <p class="pp-author-boxes-description multiple-authors-description author-description-0"> Eduarda Moura es licenciada en Periodismo por la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais y tiene un posgrado en Medios Digitales. 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]?(C800|C900|E400|E610|E900|E-900|F160|F180K|F180L|F180S|730|855|L160|LS740|LS840|LS970|LU6200|MS690|MS695|MS770|MS840|MS870|MS910|P500|P700|P705|VM696|AS680|AS695|AX840|C729|E970|GS505|272|C395|E739BK|E960|L55C|L75C|LS696|LS860|P769BK|P350|P500|P509|P870|UN272|US730|VS840|VS950|LN272|LN510|LS670|LS855|LW690|MN270|MN510|P509|P769|P930|UN200|UN270|UN510|UN610|US670|US740|US760|UX265|UX840|VN271|VN530|VS660|VS700|VS740|VS750|VS910|VS920|VS930|VX9200|VX11000|AX840A|LW770|P506|P925|P999|E612|D955|D802|MS323|M257)|LM-G710",Sony:"SonyST|SonyLT|SonyEricsson|SonyEricssonLT15iv|LT18i|E10i|LT28h|LT26w|SonyEricssonMT27i|C5303|C6902|C6903|C6906|C6943|D2533|SOV34|601SO|F8332",Asus:"Asus.*Galaxy|PadFone.*Mobile",Xiaomi:"^(?!.*\\bx11\\b).*xiaomi.*$|POCOPHONE F1|MI 8|Redmi Note 9S|Redmi Note 5A Prime|N2G47H|M2001J2G|M2001J2I|M1805E10A|M2004J11G|M1902F1G|M2002J9G|M2004J19G|M2003J6A1G",NokiaLumia:"Lumia [0-9]{3,4}",Micromax:"Micromax.*\\b(A210|A92|A88|A72|A111|A110Q|A115|A116|A110|A90S|A26|A51|A35|A54|A25|A27|A89|A68|A65|A57|A90)\\b",Palm:"PalmSource|Palm",Vertu:"Vertu|Vertu.*Ltd|Vertu.*Ascent|Vertu.*Ayxta|Vertu.*Constellation(F|Quest)?|Vertu.*Monika|Vertu.*Signature",Pantech:"PANTECH|IM-A850S|IM-A840S|IM-A830L|IM-A830K|IM-A830S|IM-A820L|IM-A810K|IM-A810S|IM-A800S|IM-T100K|IM-A725L|IM-A780L|IM-A775C|IM-A770K|IM-A760S|IM-A750K|IM-A740S|IM-A730S|IM-A720L|IM-A710K|IM-A690L|IM-A690S|IM-A650S|IM-A630K|IM-A600S|VEGA PTL21|PT003|P8010|ADR910L|P6030|P6020|P9070|P4100|P9060|P5000|CDM8992|TXT8045|ADR8995|IS11PT|P2030|P6010|P8000|PT002|IS06|CDM8999|P9050|PT001|TXT8040|P2020|P9020|P2000|P7040|P7000|C790",Fly:"IQ230|IQ444|IQ450|IQ440|IQ442|IQ441|IQ245|IQ256|IQ236|IQ255|IQ235|IQ245|IQ275|IQ240|IQ285|IQ280|IQ270|IQ260|IQ250",Wiko:"KITE 4G|HIGHWAY|GETAWAY|STAIRWAY|DARKSIDE|DARKFULL|DARKNIGHT|DARKMOON|SLIDE|WAX 4G|RAINBOW|BLOOM|SUNSET|GOA(?!nna)|LENNY|BARRY|IGGY|OZZY|CINK FIVE|CINK PEAX|CINK PEAX 2|CINK SLIM|CINK SLIM 2|CINK +|CINK KING|CINK PEAX|CINK SLIM|SUBLIM",iMobile:"i-mobile (IQ|i-STYLE|idea|ZAA|Hitz)",SimValley:"\\b(SP-80|XT-930|SX-340|XT-930|SX-310|SP-360|SP60|SPT-800|SP-120|SPT-800|SP-140|SPX-5|SPX-8|SP-100|SPX-8|SPX-12)\\b",Wolfgang:"AT-B24D|AT-AS50HD|AT-AS40W|AT-AS55HD|AT-AS45q2|AT-B26D|AT-AS50Q",Alcatel:"Alcatel",Nintendo:"Nintendo (3DS|Switch)",Amoi:"Amoi",INQ:"INQ",OnePlus:"ONEPLUS",GenericPhone:"Tapatalk|PDA;|SAGEM|\\bmmp\\b|pocket|\\bpsp\\b|symbian|Smartphone|smartfon|treo|up.browser|up.link|vodafone|\\bwap\\b|nokia|Series40|Series60|S60|SonyEricsson|N900|MAUI.*WAP.*Browser"},tablets:{iPad:"iPad|iPad.*Mobile",NexusTablet:"Android.*Nexus[\\s]+(7|9|10)",GoogleTablet:"Android.*Pixel C",SamsungTablet:"SAMSUNG.*Tablet|Galaxy.*Tab|SC-01C|GT-P1000|GT-P1003|GT-P1010|GT-P3105|GT-P6210|GT-P6800|GT-P6810|GT-P7100|GT-P7300|GT-P7310|GT-P7500|GT-P7510|SCH-I800|SCH-I815|SCH-I905|SGH-I957|SGH-I987|SGH-T849|SGH-T859|SGH-T869|SPH-P100|GT-P3100|GT-P3108|GT-P3110|GT-P5100|GT-P5110|GT-P6200|GT-P7320|GT-P7511|GT-N8000|GT-P8510|SGH-I497|SPH-P500|SGH-T779|SCH-I705|SCH-I915|GT-N8013|GT-P3113|GT-P5113|GT-P8110|GT-N8010|GT-N8005|GT-N8020|GT-P1013|GT-P6201|GT-P7501|GT-N5100|GT-N5105|GT-N5110|SHV-E140K|SHV-E140L|SHV-E140S|SHV-E150S|SHV-E230K|SHV-E230L|SHV-E230S|SHW-M180K|SHW-M180L|SHW-M180S|SHW-M180W|SHW-M300W|SHW-M305W|SHW-M380K|SHW-M380S|SHW-M380W|SHW-M430W|SHW-M480K|SHW-M480S|SHW-M480W|SHW-M485W|SHW-M486W|SHW-M500W|GT-I9228|SCH-P739|SCH-I925|GT-I9200|GT-P5200|GT-P5210|GT-P5210X|SM-T311|SM-T310|SM-T310X|SM-T210|SM-T210R|SM-T211|SM-P600|SM-P601|SM-P605|SM-P900|SM-P901|SM-T217|SM-T217A|SM-T217S|SM-P6000|SM-T3100|SGH-I467|XE500|SM-T110|GT-P5220|GT-I9200X|GT-N5110X|GT-N5120|SM-P905|SM-T111|SM-T2105|SM-T315|SM-T320|SM-T320X|SM-T321|SM-T520|SM-T525|SM-T530NU|SM-T230NU|SM-T330NU|SM-T900|XE500T1C|SM-P605V|SM-P905V|SM-T337V|SM-T537V|SM-T707V|SM-T807V|SM-P600X|SM-P900X|SM-T210X|SM-T230|SM-T230X|SM-T325|GT-P7503|SM-T531|SM-T330|SM-T530|SM-T705|SM-T705C|SM-T535|SM-T331|SM-T800|SM-T700|SM-T537|SM-T807|SM-P907A|SM-T337A|SM-T537A|SM-T707A|SM-T807A|SM-T237|SM-T807P|SM-P607T|SM-T217T|SM-T337T|SM-T807T|SM-T116NQ|SM-T116BU|SM-P550|SM-T350|SM-T550|SM-T9000|SM-P9000|SM-T705Y|SM-T805|GT-P3113|SM-T710|SM-T810|SM-T815|SM-T360|SM-T533|SM-T113|SM-T335|SM-T715|SM-T560|SM-T670|SM-T677|SM-T377|SM-T567|SM-T357T|SM-T555|SM-T561|SM-T713|SM-T719|SM-T813|SM-T819|SM-T580|SM-T355Y?|SM-T280|SM-T817A|SM-T820|SM-W700|SM-P580|SM-T587|SM-P350|SM-P555M|SM-P355M|SM-T113NU|SM-T815Y|SM-T585|SM-T285|SM-T825|SM-W708|SM-T835|SM-T830|SM-T837V|SM-T720|SM-T510|SM-T387V|SM-P610|SM-T290|SM-T515|SM-T590|SM-T595|SM-T725|SM-T817P|SM-P585N0|SM-T395|SM-T295|SM-T865|SM-P610N|SM-P615|SM-T970|SM-T380|SM-T5950|SM-T905|SM-T231|SM-T500|SM-T860",Kindle:"Kindle|Silk.*Accelerated|Android.*\\b(KFOT|KFTT|KFJWI|KFJWA|KFOTE|KFSOWI|KFTHWI|KFTHWA|KFAPWI|KFAPWA|WFJWAE|KFSAWA|KFSAWI|KFASWI|KFARWI|KFFOWI|KFGIWI|KFMEWI)\\b|Android.*Silk/[0-9.]+ like Chrome/[0-9.]+ (?!Mobile)",SurfaceTablet:"Windows NT [0-9.]+; ARM;.*(Tablet|ARMBJS)",HPTablet:"HP Slate (7|8|10)|HP ElitePad 900|hp-tablet|EliteBook.*Touch|HP 8|Slate 21|HP SlateBook 10",AsusTablet:"^.*PadFone((?!Mobile).)*$|Transformer|TF101|TF101G|TF300T|TF300TG|TF300TL|TF700T|TF700KL|TF701T|TF810C|ME171|ME301T|ME302C|ME371MG|ME370T|ME372MG|ME172V|ME173X|ME400C|Slider SL101|\\bK00F\\b|\\bK00C\\b|\\bK00E\\b|\\bK00L\\b|TX201LA|ME176C|ME102A|\\bM80TA\\b|ME372CL|ME560CG|ME372CG|ME302KL| K010 | K011 | K017 | K01E |ME572C|ME103K|ME170C|ME171C|\\bME70C\\b|ME581C|ME581CL|ME8510C|ME181C|P01Y|PO1MA|P01Z|\\bP027\\b|\\bP024\\b|\\bP00C\\b",BlackBerryTablet:"PlayBook|RIM Tablet",HTCtablet:"HTC_Flyer_P512|HTC Flyer|HTC Jetstream|HTC-P715a|HTC EVO View 4G|PG41200|PG09410",MotorolaTablet:"xoom|sholest|MZ615|MZ605|MZ505|MZ601|MZ602|MZ603|MZ604|MZ606|MZ607|MZ608|MZ609|MZ615|MZ616|MZ617",NookTablet:"Android.*Nook|NookColor|nook browser|BNRV200|BNRV200A|BNTV250|BNTV250A|BNTV400|BNTV600|LogicPD Zoom2",AcerTablet:"Android.*; \\b(A100|A101|A110|A200|A210|A211|A500|A501|A510|A511|A700|A701|W500|W500P|W501|W501P|W510|W511|W700|G100|G100W|B1-A71|B1-710|B1-711|A1-810|A1-811|A1-830)\\b|W3-810|\\bA3-A10\\b|\\bA3-A11\\b|\\bA3-A20\\b|\\bA3-A30|A3-A40",ToshibaTablet:"Android.*(AT100|AT105|AT200|AT205|AT270|AT275|AT300|AT305|AT1S5|AT500|AT570|AT700|AT830)|TOSHIBA.*FOLIO",LGTablet:"\\bL-06C|LG-V909|LG-V900|LG-V700|LG-V510|LG-V500|LG-V410|LG-V400|LG-VK810\\b",FujitsuTablet:"Android.*\\b(F-01D|F-02F|F-05E|F-10D|M532|Q572)\\b",PrestigioTablet:"PMP3170B|PMP3270B|PMP3470B|PMP7170B|PMP3370B|PMP3570C|PMP5870C|PMP3670B|PMP5570C|PMP5770D|PMP3970B|PMP3870C|PMP5580C|PMP5880D|PMP5780D|PMP5588C|PMP7280C|PMP7280C3G|PMP7280|PMP7880D|PMP5597D|PMP5597|PMP7100D|PER3464|PER3274|PER3574|PER3884|PER5274|PER5474|PMP5097CPRO|PMP5097|PMP7380D|PMP5297C|PMP5297C_QUAD|PMP812E|PMP812E3G|PMP812F|PMP810E|PMP880TD|PMT3017|PMT3037|PMT3047|PMT3057|PMT7008|PMT5887|PMT5001|PMT5002",LenovoTablet:"Lenovo TAB|Idea(Tab|Pad)( A1|A10| K1|)|ThinkPad([ ]+)?Tablet|YT3-850M|YT3-X90L|YT3-X90F|YT3-X90X|Lenovo.*(S2109|S2110|S5000|S6000|K3011|A3000|A3500|A1000|A2107|A2109|A1107|A5500|A7600|B6000|B8000|B8080)(-|)(FL|F|HV|H|)|TB-X103F|TB-X304X|TB-X304F|TB-X304L|TB-X505F|TB-X505L|TB-X505X|TB-X605F|TB-X605L|TB-8703F|TB-8703X|TB-8703N|TB-8704N|TB-8704F|TB-8704X|TB-8704V|TB-7304F|TB-7304I|TB-7304X|Tab2A7-10F|Tab2A7-20F|TB2-X30L|YT3-X50L|YT3-X50F|YT3-X50M|YT-X705F|YT-X703F|YT-X703L|YT-X705L|YT-X705X|TB2-X30F|TB2-X30L|TB2-X30M|A2107A-F|A2107A-H|TB3-730F|TB3-730M|TB3-730X|TB-7504F|TB-7504X|TB-X704F|TB-X104F|TB3-X70F|TB-X705F|TB-8504F|TB3-X70L|TB3-710F|TB-X704L",DellTablet:"Venue 11|Venue 8|Venue 7|Dell Streak 10|Dell Streak 7",YarvikTablet:"Android.*\\b(TAB210|TAB211|TAB224|TAB250|TAB260|TAB264|TAB310|TAB360|TAB364|TAB410|TAB411|TAB420|TAB424|TAB450|TAB460|TAB461|TAB464|TAB465|TAB467|TAB468|TAB07-100|TAB07-101|TAB07-150|TAB07-151|TAB07-152|TAB07-200|TAB07-201-3G|TAB07-210|TAB07-211|TAB07-212|TAB07-214|TAB07-220|TAB07-400|TAB07-485|TAB08-150|TAB08-200|TAB08-201-3G|TAB08-201-30|TAB09-100|TAB09-211|TAB09-410|TAB10-150|TAB10-201|TAB10-211|TAB10-400|TAB10-410|TAB13-201|TAB274EUK|TAB275EUK|TAB374EUK|TAB462EUK|TAB474EUK|TAB9-200)\\b",MedionTablet:"Android.*\\bOYO\\b|LIFE.*(P9212|P9514|P9516|S9512)|LIFETAB",ArnovaTablet:"97G4|AN10G2|AN7bG3|AN7fG3|AN8G3|AN8cG3|AN7G3|AN9G3|AN7dG3|AN7dG3ST|AN7dG3ChildPad|AN10bG3|AN10bG3DT|AN9G2",IntensoTablet:"INM8002KP|INM1010FP|INM805ND|Intenso Tab|TAB1004",IRUTablet:"M702pro",MegafonTablet:"MegaFon V9|\\bZTE V9\\b|Android.*\\bMT7A\\b",EbodaTablet:"E-Boda (Supreme|Impresspeed|Izzycomm|Essential)",AllViewTablet:"Allview.*(Viva|Alldro|City|Speed|All TV|Frenzy|Quasar|Shine|TX1|AX1|AX2)",ArchosTablet:"\\b(101G9|80G9|A101IT)\\b|Qilive 97R|Archos5|\\bARCHOS (70|79|80|90|97|101|FAMILYPAD|)(b|c|)(G10| Cobalt| TITANIUM(HD|)| Xenon| Neon|XSK| 2| XS 2| PLATINUM| CARBON|GAMEPAD)\\b",AinolTablet:"NOVO7|NOVO8|NOVO10|Novo7Aurora|Novo7Basic|NOVO7PALADIN|novo9-Spark",NokiaLumiaTablet:"Lumia 2520",SonyTablet:"Sony.*Tablet|Xperia Tablet|Sony Tablet S|SO-03E|SGPT12|SGPT13|SGPT114|SGPT121|SGPT122|SGPT123|SGPT111|SGPT112|SGPT113|SGPT131|SGPT132|SGPT133|SGPT211|SGPT212|SGPT213|SGP311|SGP312|SGP321|EBRD1101|EBRD1102|EBRD1201|SGP351|SGP341|SGP511|SGP512|SGP521|SGP541|SGP551|SGP621|SGP641|SGP612|SOT31|SGP771|SGP611|SGP612|SGP712",PhilipsTablet:"\\b(PI2010|PI3000|PI3100|PI3105|PI3110|PI3205|PI3210|PI3900|PI4010|PI7000|PI7100)\\b",CubeTablet:"Android.*(K8GT|U9GT|U10GT|U16GT|U17GT|U18GT|U19GT|U20GT|U23GT|U30GT)|CUBE 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([E|M]10|M8))\\b|Maxwell.*Lite|Maxwell.*Plus",HuaweiTablet:"MediaPad|MediaPad 7 Youth|IDEOS S7|S7-201c|S7-202u|S7-101|S7-103|S7-104|S7-105|S7-106|S7-201|S7-Slim|M2-A01L|BAH-L09|BAH-W09|AGS-L09|CMR-AL19",NecTablet:"\\bN-06D|\\bN-08D",PantechTablet:"Pantech.*P4100",BronchoTablet:"Broncho.*(N701|N708|N802|a710)",VersusTablet:"TOUCHPAD.*[78910]|\\bTOUCHTAB\\b",ZyncTablet:"z1000|Z99 2G|z930|z990|z909|Z919|z900",PositivoTablet:"TB07STA|TB10STA|TB07FTA|TB10FTA",NabiTablet:"Android.*\\bNabi",KoboTablet:"Kobo Touch|\\bK080\\b|\\bVox\\b Build|\\bArc\\b 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\\b(E3A|T3X|T5C|T5B|T3E|T3C|T3B|T1J|T1F|T2A|T1H|T1i|E1C|T1-E|T5-A|T4|E1-B|T2Ci|T1-B|T1-D|O1-A|E1-A|T1-A|T3A|T4i)\\b ",DanyTechTablet:"Genius Tab G3|Genius Tab S2|Genius Tab Q3|Genius Tab G4|Genius Tab Q4|Genius Tab G-II|Genius TAB GII|Genius TAB GIII|Genius Tab S1",GalapadTablet:"Android [0-9.]+; [a-z-]+; \\bG1\\b",MicromaxTablet:"Funbook|Micromax.*\\b(P250|P560|P360|P362|P600|P300|P350|P500|P275)\\b",KarbonnTablet:"Android.*\\b(A39|A37|A34|ST8|ST10|ST7|Smart Tab3|Smart Tab2)\\b",AllFineTablet:"Fine7 Genius|Fine7 Shine|Fine7 Air|Fine8 Style|Fine9 More|Fine10 Joy|Fine11 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7004|FreeTAB 7800|FreeTAB 2096|FreeTAB 7.5|FreeTAB 1014|FreeTAB 1001 |FreeTAB 8001|FreeTAB 9706|FreeTAB 9702|FreeTAB 7003|FreeTAB 7002|FreeTAB 1002|FreeTAB 7801|FreeTAB 1331|FreeTAB 1004|FreeTAB 8002|FreeTAB 8014|FreeTAB 9704|FreeTAB 1003",VoninoTablet:"\\b(Argus[ _]?S|Diamond[ _]?79HD|Emerald[ _]?78E|Luna[ _]?70C|Onyx[ _]?S|Onyx[ _]?Z|Orin[ _]?HD|Orin[ _]?S|Otis[ _]?S|SpeedStar[ _]?S|Magnet[ _]?M9|Primus[ _]?94[ _]?3G|Primus[ _]?94HD|Primus[ _]?QS|Android.*\\bQ8\\b|Sirius[ _]?EVO[ _]?QS|Sirius[ _]?QS|Spirit[ _]?S)\\b",ECSTablet:"V07OT2|TM105A|S10OT1|TR10CS1",StorexTablet:"eZee[_']?(Tab|Go)[0-9]+|TabLC7|Looney Tunes Tab",VodafoneTablet:"SmartTab([ ]+)?[0-9]+|SmartTabII10|SmartTabII7|VF-1497|VFD 1400",EssentielBTablet:"Smart[ ']?TAB[ ]+?[0-9]+|Family[ ']?TAB2",RossMoorTablet:"RM-790|RM-997|RMD-878G|RMD-974R|RMT-705A|RMT-701|RME-601|RMT-501|RMT-711",iMobileTablet:"i-mobile i-note",TolinoTablet:"tolino tab [0-9.]+|tolino shine",AudioSonicTablet:"\\bC-22Q|T7-QC|T-17B|T-17P\\b",AMPETablet:"Android.* A78 ",SkkTablet:"Android.* (SKYPAD|PHOENIX|CYCLOPS)",TecnoTablet:"TECNO P9|TECNO DP8D",JXDTablet:"Android.* \\b(F3000|A3300|JXD5000|JXD3000|JXD2000|JXD300B|JXD300|S5800|S7800|S602b|S5110b|S7300|S5300|S602|S603|S5100|S5110|S601|S7100a|P3000F|P3000s|P101|P200s|P1000m|P200m|P9100|P1000s|S6600b|S908|P1000|P300|S18|S6600|S9100)\\b",iJoyTablet:"Tablet (Spirit 7|Essentia|Galatea|Fusion|Onix 7|Landa|Titan|Scooby|Deox|Stella|Themis|Argon|Unique 7|Sygnus|Hexen|Finity 7|Cream|Cream X2|Jade|Neon 7|Neron 7|Kandy|Scape|Saphyr 7|Rebel|Biox|Rebel|Rebel 8GB|Myst|Draco 7|Myst|Tab7-004|Myst|Tadeo Jones|Tablet Boing|Arrow|Draco Dual Cam|Aurix|Mint|Amity|Revolution|Finity 9|Neon 9|T9w|Amity 4GB Dual Cam|Stone 4GB|Stone 8GB|Andromeda|Silken|X2|Andromeda II|Halley|Flame|Saphyr 9,7|Touch 8|Planet|Triton|Unique 10|Hexen 10|Memphis 4GB|Memphis 8GB|Onix 10)",FX2Tablet:"FX2 PAD7|FX2 PAD10",XoroTablet:"KidsPAD 701|PAD[ ]?712|PAD[ ]?714|PAD[ ]?716|PAD[ ]?717|PAD[ ]?718|PAD[ ]?720|PAD[ ]?721|PAD[ ]?722|PAD[ ]?790|PAD[ ]?792|PAD[ ]?900|PAD[ ]?9715D|PAD[ ]?9716DR|PAD[ ]?9718DR|PAD[ ]?9719QR|PAD[ ]?9720QR|TelePAD1030|Telepad1032|TelePAD730|TelePAD731|TelePAD732|TelePAD735Q|TelePAD830|TelePAD9730|TelePAD795|MegaPAD 1331|MegaPAD 1851|MegaPAD 2151",ViewsonicTablet:"ViewPad 10pi|ViewPad 10e|ViewPad 10s|ViewPad E72|ViewPad7|ViewPad E100|ViewPad 7e|ViewSonic VB733|VB100a",VerizonTablet:"QTAQZ3|QTAIR7|QTAQTZ3|QTASUN1|QTASUN2|QTAXIA1",OdysTablet:"LOOX|XENO10|ODYS[ -](Space|EVO|Xpress|NOON)|\\bXELIO\\b|Xelio10Pro|XELIO7PHONETAB|XELIO10EXTREME|XELIOPT2|NEO_QUAD10",CaptivaTablet:"CAPTIVA PAD",IconbitTablet:"NetTAB|NT-3702|NT-3702S|NT-3702S|NT-3603P|NT-3603P|NT-0704S|NT-0704S|NT-3805C|NT-3805C|NT-0806C|NT-0806C|NT-0909T|NT-0909T|NT-0907S|NT-0907S|NT-0902S|NT-0902S",TeclastTablet:"T98 4G|\\bP80\\b|\\bX90HD\\b|X98 Air|X98 Air 3G|\\bX89\\b|P80 3G|\\bX80h\\b|P98 Air|\\bX89HD\\b|P98 3G|\\bP90HD\\b|P89 3G|X98 3G|\\bP70h\\b|P79HD 3G|G18d 3G|\\bP79HD\\b|\\bP89s\\b|\\bA88\\b|\\bP10HD\\b|\\bP19HD\\b|G18 3G|\\bP78HD\\b|\\bA78\\b|\\bP75\\b|G17s 3G|G17h 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\\b4G\\b",JaytechTablet:"TPC-PA762",BlaupunktTablet:"Endeavour 800NG|Endeavour 1010",DigmaTablet:"\\b(iDx10|iDx9|iDx8|iDx7|iDxD7|iDxD8|iDsQ8|iDsQ7|iDsQ8|iDsD10|iDnD7|3TS804H|iDsQ11|iDj7|iDs10)\\b",EvolioTablet:"ARIA_Mini_wifi|Aria[ _]Mini|Evolio X10|Evolio X7|Evolio X8|\\bEvotab\\b|\\bNeura\\b",LavaTablet:"QPAD E704|\\bIvoryS\\b|E-TAB IVORY|\\bE-TAB\\b",AocTablet:"MW0811|MW0812|MW0922|MTK8382|MW1031|MW0831|MW0821|MW0931|MW0712",MpmanTablet:"MP11 OCTA|MP10 OCTA|MPQC1114|MPQC1004|MPQC994|MPQC974|MPQC973|MPQC804|MPQC784|MPQC780|\\bMPG7\\b|MPDCG75|MPDCG71|MPDC1006|MP101DC|MPDC9000|MPDC905|MPDC706HD|MPDC706|MPDC705|MPDC110|MPDC100|MPDC99|MPDC97|MPDC88|MPDC8|MPDC77|MP709|MID701|MID711|MID170|MPDC703|MPQC1010",CelkonTablet:"CT695|CT888|CT[\\s]?910|CT7 Tab|CT9 Tab|CT3 Tab|CT2 Tab|CT1 Tab|C820|C720|\\bCT-1\\b",WolderTablet:"miTab \\b(DIAMOND|SPACE|BROOKLYN|NEO|FLY|MANHATTAN|FUNK|EVOLUTION|SKY|GOCAR|IRON|GENIUS|POP|MINT|EPSILON|BROADWAY|JUMP|HOP|LEGEND|NEW 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Tab|\\bM6pro\\b|CT1020W|arc 10HD|\\bTP750\\b|\\bQTAQZ3\\b|WVT101|TM1088|KT107"},oss:{AndroidOS:"Android",BlackBerryOS:"blackberry|\\bBB10\\b|rim tablet os",PalmOS:"PalmOS|avantgo|blazer|elaine|hiptop|palm|plucker|xiino",SymbianOS:"Symbian|SymbOS|Series60|Series40|SYB-[0-9]+|\\bS60\\b",WindowsMobileOS:"Windows CE.*(PPC|Smartphone|Mobile|[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})|Windows Mobile|Windows Phone [0-9.]+|WCE;",WindowsPhoneOS:"Windows Phone 10.0|Windows Phone 8.1|Windows Phone 8.0|Windows Phone OS|XBLWP7|ZuneWP7|Windows NT 6.[23]; ARM;",iOS:"\\biPhone.*Mobile|\\biPod|\\biPad|AppleCoreMedia",iPadOS:"CPU OS 13",SailfishOS:"Sailfish",MeeGoOS:"MeeGo",MaemoOS:"Maemo",JavaOS:"J2ME/|\\bMIDP\\b|\\bCLDC\\b",webOS:"webOS|hpwOS",badaOS:"\\bBada\\b",BREWOS:"BREW"},uas:{Chrome:"\\bCrMo\\b|CriOS|Android.*Chrome/[.0-9]* (Mobile)?",Dolfin:"\\bDolfin\\b",Opera:"Opera.*Mini|Opera.*Mobi|Android.*Opera|Mobile.*OPR/[0-9.]+$|Coast/[0-9.]+",Skyfire:"Skyfire",Edge:"\\bEdgiOS\\b|Mobile Safari/[.0-9]* Edge",IE:"IEMobile|MSIEMobile",Firefox:"fennec|firefox.*maemo|(Mobile|Tablet).*Firefox|Firefox.*Mobile|FxiOS",Bolt:"bolt",TeaShark:"teashark",Blazer:"Blazer",Safari:"Version((?!\\bEdgiOS\\b).)*Mobile.*Safari|Safari.*Mobile|MobileSafari",WeChat:"\\bMicroMessenger\\b",UCBrowser:"UC.*Browser|UCWEB",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser",DiigoBrowser:"DiigoBrowser",Mercury:"\\bMercury\\b",ObigoBrowser:"Obigo",NetFront:"NF-Browser",GenericBrowser:"NokiaBrowser|OviBrowser|OneBrowser|TwonkyBeamBrowser|SEMC.*Browser|FlyFlow|Minimo|NetFront|Novarra-Vision|MQQBrowser|MicroMessenger",PaleMoon:"Android.*PaleMoon|Mobile.*PaleMoon"},props:{Mobile:"Mobile/[VER]",Build:"Build/[VER]",Version:"Version/[VER]",VendorID:"VendorID/[VER]",iPad:"iPad.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPhone:"iPhone.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPod:"iPod.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",Kindle:"Kindle/[VER]",Chrome:["Chrome/[VER]","CriOS/[VER]","CrMo/[VER]"],Coast:["Coast/[VER]"],Dolfin:"Dolfin/[VER]",Firefox:["Firefox/[VER]","FxiOS/[VER]"],Fennec:"Fennec/[VER]",Edge:"Edge/[VER]",IE:["IEMobile/[VER];","IEMobile [VER]","MSIE [VER];","Trident/[0-9.]+;.*rv:[VER]"],NetFront:"NetFront/[VER]",NokiaBrowser:"NokiaBrowser/[VER]",Opera:[" OPR/[VER]","Opera Mini/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],"Opera Mini":"Opera Mini/[VER]","Opera Mobi":"Version/[VER]",UCBrowser:["UCWEB[VER]","UC.*Browser/[VER]"],MQQBrowser:"MQQBrowser/[VER]",MicroMessenger:"MicroMessenger/[VER]",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp/[VER]",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser/[VER]",SamsungBrowser:"SamsungBrowser/[VER]",Iron:"Iron/[VER]",Safari:["Version/[VER]","Safari/[VER]"],Skyfire:"Skyfire/[VER]",Tizen:"Tizen/[VER]",Webkit:"webkit[ /][VER]",PaleMoon:"PaleMoon/[VER]",SailfishBrowser:"SailfishBrowser/[VER]",Gecko:"Gecko/[VER]",Trident:"Trident/[VER]",Presto:"Presto/[VER]",Goanna:"Goanna/[VER]",iOS:" \\bi?OS\\b [VER][ ;]{1}",Android:"Android [VER]",Sailfish:"Sailfish [VER]",BlackBerry:["BlackBerry[\\w]+/[VER]","BlackBerry.*Version/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],BREW:"BREW [VER]",Java:"Java/[VER]","Windows Phone OS":["Windows Phone OS [VER]","Windows Phone [VER]"],"Windows Phone":"Windows Phone [VER]","Windows CE":"Windows CE/[VER]","Windows NT":"Windows NT [VER]",Symbian:["SymbianOS/[VER]","Symbian/[VER]"],webOS:["webOS/[VER]","hpwOS/[VER];"]},utils:{Bot:"Googlebot|facebookexternalhit|Google-AMPHTML|s~amp-validator|AdsBot-Google|Google Keyword Suggestion|Facebot|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|bingbot|ia_archiver|AhrefsBot|Ezooms|GSLFbot|WBSearchBot|Twitterbot|TweetmemeBot|Twikle|PaperLiBot|Wotbox|UnwindFetchor|Exabot|MJ12bot|YandexImages|TurnitinBot|Pingdom|contentkingapp|AspiegelBot",MobileBot:"Googlebot-Mobile|AdsBot-Google-Mobile|YahooSeeker/M1A1-R2D2",DesktopMode:"WPDesktop",TV:"SonyDTV|HbbTV",WebKit:"(webkit)[ /]([\\w.]+)",Console:"\\b(Nintendo|Nintendo WiiU|Nintendo 3DS|Nintendo Switch|PLAYSTATION|Xbox)\\b",Watch:"SM-V700"}},g.detectMobileBrowsers={fullPattern:/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i, shortPattern:/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i,tabletPattern:/android|ipad|playbook|silk/i};var h,i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;return g.FALLBACK_PHONE="UnknownPhone",g.FALLBACK_TABLET="UnknownTablet",g.FALLBACK_MOBILE="UnknownMobile",h="isArray"in Array?Array.isArray:function(a){return"[object Array]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(a)},function(){var a,b,c,e,f,j,k=g.mobileDetectRules;for(a in k.props)if(i.call(k.props,a)){for(b=k.props[a],h(b)||(b=[b]),f=b.length,e=0;e<f;++e)c=b[e],j=c.indexOf("[VER]"),j>=0&&(c=c.substring(0,j)+"([\\w._\\+]+)"+c.substring(j+5)),b[e]=new RegExp(c,"i");k.props[a]=b}d(k.oss),d(k.phones),d(k.tablets),d(k.uas),d(k.utils),k.oss0={WindowsPhoneOS:k.oss.WindowsPhoneOS,WindowsMobileOS:k.oss.WindowsMobileOS}}(),g.findMatch=function(a,b){for(var c in a)if(i.call(a,c)&&a[c].test(b))return c;return null},g.findMatches=function(a,b){var c=[];for(var d in a)i.call(a,d)&&a[d].test(b)&&c.push(d);return c},g.getVersionStr=function(a,b){var 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